《易》本体论研究--兼与胡塞尔、海德格尔本体论的比较

《易》本体论研究--兼与胡塞尔、海德格尔本体论的比较

陈员 (南昌大学人文学院哲学系/南昌大学哲学研究所江西南昌330031)

摘要:胡塞尔的本体论主要是指意识的存在设定(Seinssetzung)，存在在先验主体的层次必须被还原和重新构造;海德格尔批判了胡塞尔的这种主体中心论，以存在论差异的方式进入存在本身，但由于其方法的“悬而未决”的特点，存在本身是难以确定的，最终主体只能让渡自身来顺承存在的命令，由此海德格尔不得不重新提出思的任务，并诗化语言;作为儒道原典的《易》，经过孔子和顺于“性命之道”之后，有效地解决了本体论的相关疑难问题，可以说整部《易》就是在展现本体的运作以及人这一主体如何在本体的运作中把握本体并最终实现对存在的超越。关键词:存在设定;先验自我;存在论差异;《易》

Research on the Ontology of Yi(Book of Change)-A Comparison with theOntologies of Husserl and Heidegger

Abstract: Husser's ontology is primarily concerned with the positional setting of being (Seinssetzung) withinconsciousness, whereby being must be reduced and reconstituted at the level of the transcendental subject. Heideggercritiques this subject-centered approach, seeking to access being itself through the ontological difference(ontologische Differenz); however, owing to the inherently "unresolved" character of his method, being itselfremains fundamentally indeterminate, and the subject is ultimately compelled to relinquish itself in deference to theclaim of being. This predicament leads Heidegger to repose the task of thinking and to tumn toward the poeticizationof language. The Yi (Book of Changes), as a foundational canonical text of Confucianism and Taoism, effectivelyresolves the central aporias of ontology afer being brought into alignment with the "Way of human nature and vitallife" (xingming zhi dao   之) through Confucian interpretation. It may be said that the Yi as a wholemanifests the operation of the ontological ground, illuminating how the subject, situated within this operation, maycome to apprehend that ground and ultimately achieve a transcendence of being.

Key words: positional setting of being (Seinssetzung); transcendental ego; ontological difference;Yi(Book ofChanges)

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