琴澳数据跨境流动的实践探索及优化路径

琴澳数据跨境流动的实践探索及优化路径

王彦飞

（珠海科技学院，广东 珠海，519000）

摘 要：随着数字经济的快速发展，数据跨境流动已成为推动数字贸易、科技创新和区域协同发展的重要基础。依托“一国两制”制度优势，琴澳围绕个人信息跨境流动、数据跨境服务平台、可信数据空间和数字贸易国际枢纽港等开展了一系列探索，为粤港澳大湾区数据跨境流动制度创新积累了实践经验。本文系统梳理琴澳数据跨境流动的实践进展，分析其在规则衔接、制度创新和国际规则对接等方面面临的现实困境。研究发现，当前琴澳数据跨境流动已形成较为完善的规则体系和应用场景，但总体仍以既有数据出境管理制度框架下的程序便利化改革为主，在制度互认、监管协同、“两制之利”转化以及国际规则衔接等方面仍存在不足，尚未形成具有琴澳特色、可复制推广的制度性成果。基于此，本文提出构建琴澳数据跨境流动特别机制，完善数据分类分级和场景清单制度，建立可信主体认证和监管沙盒制度，健全匿名化认定和可信数据空间制度，探索国际规则衔接和协同治理机制等优化路径，推动琴澳数据跨境流动从程序便利向制度创新转变，为粤港澳大湾区市场一体化建设和国家高水平对外开放提供制度探索和实践参考。

关键词：数据跨境流动；琴澳一体化；规则衔接；制度创新；粤港澳大湾区

Practical Explorations and Optimization Pathways for Cross-Border Data Flows between Hengqin and Macao

Yanfei Wang

(Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai Guangdong, 519000)

Abstract: With the rapid development of the digital economy, cross-border data flows have become an essential foundation for advancing digital trade, technological innovation, and regional coordinated development. Leveraging the institutional advantages of “One Country, Two Systems”, Hengqin and Macao have undertaken a series of practical explorations in areas such as cross-border personal information flows, cross-border data service platforms, trusted data spaces, and an international hub port for digital trade, thereby accumulating valuable experience in institutional innovation for cross-border data flows in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area. This paper systematically reviews the progress of cross-border data flows between Hengqin and Macao and examines the practical challenges they face in regulatory alignment, institutional innovation, and integration with international rules. The study finds that Hengqin and Macao have established a relatively comprehensive regulatory framework and developed a range of application scenarios for cross-border data flows. Nevertheless, existing reforms remain largely focused on procedural facilitation within the prevailing national regulatory framework for outbound data transfers. Deficiencies persist in mutual institutional recognition, regulatory coordination, the effective transformation of the advantages of “ One Country, Two Systems,” and alignment with international rules. Consequently, a distinctive and replicable institutional model for cross-border data flows between Hengqin and Macao has yet to emerge. In response, this paper proposes establishing a special mechanism for cross-border data flows between Hengqin and Macao, improving data classification and scenario-based list management, introducing trusted entity certification and regulatory sandbox mechanisms, strengthening anonymization assessment and trusted data space arrangements, and exploring mechanisms for international rule alignment and collaborative governance. These measures are intended to promote a shift from procedural facilitation to substantive institutional innovation, thereby providing institutional experimentation and practical reference for market integration in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area and China’s pursuit of high-standard opening up. 

Keywords:cross-border data flows; Hengqin – Macao integration; regulatory alignment;institutional innovation; Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area

DOI：10.68079/moglkx.2026.3.02  [原文下載][Download PDF]