智慧工地协同治理机制研究

智慧工地协同治理机制研究

关德荣

(中国土木工程(澳门)有限公司，中国澳门，999078)

摘 要:智慧工地是建筑业数字化转型在施工现场的集中体现，它的价值并不只是部署BIM物联网、视频识别、实名制闸机、环境监测等技术设备，更在于将分散的项目主体、现场要素、管理流程纳入一个可以感知、可以协同、可以追溯的治理结构。现有的研究大多从系统的架构、平台的建设以及安全管理的应用入手，已经证明了智慧工地可以提高信息采集的效率和风险响应的速度，但是在实际的应用中还存在着数据标准不统一、系统割裂、现场人员的采纳度不高、责任闭环的缺失以及投入产出难以量化的等一些问题。本文以作者多年项目管理实践结合CNKI相关期刊、硕士论文等文献为基础，运用文献分析法、规范研究法，从场景牵引、数据贯通、责任闭环、绩效改进四个方面来构建智慧工地协同治理机制。智慧工地建设要从单点技术应用走向项目全生命周期的治理能力塑造，依靠统一的数据底座，明晰各方面的主体责任，创建起风险预警的闭环系统，完善绩效评价机制，促使施工现场管理从依赖经验的方式转变成数据驱动型，从事后应对转变为事先防范的模式。

关键词:智慧工地;协同治理;项目管理;数据治理;数字化转型

Collaborative Governance Mechanism of Smart Construction Sites

Guan Derong

(China Civil Engineering Construction Company (Macau) Ltd., Macau, China, 999078)

Abstract: Smart Construction Sites are typical cases of digitalisation at the level of constructionprojects in the construction industry. Given the conditions of the site and the managementrequirements for the construction system of dispersed project participants, many technical tools havebeen introduced; BIM, IoT, video recognition, real-name access control systems and environmentalmonitoring devices are typical examples, and they can all be observed, cooperated with and tracked inthe system. Research has focused on the system architecture of construction sites, platformconstruction, safety management applications, etc., so far, and it has been shown that intelligentconstruction sites can improve the efficiency of information collection and the speed of risk response.There are still some problems in the current operation, such as non-standardised data, a dispersedsystem of distributed systems, low participation from site staff, a lack of follow-up responsibility, anddifficulty in calculating the return on investment.Based on the experience of project management in the past few years and a large number of relatedpapers published in CNKI journals and authored master's theses by this person, bibliometric analysisand normative research methods will be used in this paper to build a collaborative governancemechanism for smart construction sites in the four areas of scenario-driven implementation, dataintegration, accountability closure and performance improvement. The construction of smartconstruction sites should be based on building governance capabilities for the entire life cycle of theproject and not merely on the application of single-point technology. Therefore, a general datafoundation should be built, the responsibilities of all parties need to be clarified, a closed-loop earlywamning system for risks should be established, and the performance assessment mechanism needs tobe changed. Therefore, the mode of management for the construction site will move away from onebased on experience and adopt data-driven, forward-looking prevention to address problems before they occur.

Keywords: Smart construction site; Collaborative governance; Project management; Data govemance;Digital transformation

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