周易与古天文历法探究

周易与古天文历法探究

李雪昊 (云南中华周易研究会，云南昆明650000)

摘要:从“观象授时”到创制历法，古代天文学自我完善的同时，也深受《周易》思想观念的影响。《周易》卦爻辞中就有观天象与纪时的数条记录。再者，解读《丰》卦“日中见斗”，《睽》卦“载鬼一车”等卦爻辞，更少不了要探究它们的天文背景。《易传》与天文历算也有关联，大衍之数(筮数)与《三统历》《大衍历》等的结合，就是很好的例证。另外，《周易》“观时知变”“生生不息”的思想观念与古天文“观象授时”“天人合一”的古历观不谋而合。也因此，《周易》与古天文历法的种种关联，有必要作为专题探讨。

关键词:周易;古天文历法;易象;气象;天象;大衍之数

A Study on the Relationship between the Zhouyi and Ancient ChineseAstronomical Calendars

Abstract: From "observing celestial phenomena to determnine scasons" to the creation of calendrical systems, theself-refinement of ancient Chinese astronomy was deeply influenced by the ideas and concepts of the Zhouyi. Thehexagram and line statements of the Zhouyi contain several records of celestial observation and timekeeping.Moreover, interpreting line statements such as "seeing the Dipper at the sun's meridian" (ri zhong jian dou) in theFeng hexagram and "a cartload of ghosts" (zai gui yi che) in the Kui hexagram necessitates an exploration of theirastronomical contexts. The Yizhuan (Commentaries on the Changes) also bears connections to astronomicalcomputation; the integration of the Great Expansion number (Dayan zhi shu, i.e. the divination number) with theSantong Calendar and the Dayan Calendar is a notable example. Furthermore, the Zhouy's philosophical concepts of"observing time to understand change" and "ceaseless generation" coincide with the ancient astronomical principlesof "observing phenomena to determine seasons" and "the unity of Heaven and humanity." It is therefore necessary toexamine the manifold connections between the Zhouyi and ancient astronomical calendrical systems as a dedicatedsubject of inquiry.

Key words: Zhouyi; ancient astronomy and calendar; Yi symbol; meteorology; celestial phenomenon; Da Yan'snumber

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